The Twilight Saga 5: Midnight Sun 8. Ghost

I did not see much of Jasper's guests for the two sunny days that they were in Forks. I only went home at all so that Esme wouldn't worry. Otherwise, my existence seemed more like that of a specter than a vampire. I hovered, invisible in the shadows, where I could follow the object of my love and obsession – where I could see her and hear her in the minds of the lucky humans who could walk through the sunlight beside her, sometimes accidentally brushing the back of her hand with their own. She never reacted to such contact; their hands were just as warm as hers. The enforced absence from school had never been a trial like this before. But the sun seemed to make her happy, so I could not resent it too much. Anything that pleased her was in my good graces. Monday morning, I eavesdropped on a conversation that had the potential to destroy my confidence and make the time spent away from her a torture. As it ended up, though, it rather made my day. I had to feel some little respect for Mike Newton; he had not simply given up and slunk away to nurse his wounds. He had more bravery than I'd given him credit for. He was going to try again. Bella got to school quite early and, seeming intent on enjoying the sun while it lasted, sat at one of the seldom used picnic benches while she waited for the first bell to ring. Her hair caught the sun in unexpected ways, giving off a reddish shine that I had not anticipated. Mike found her there, doodling again, and was thrilled at his good luck. It was agonizing to only be able to watch, powerless, bound to the forest's shadows by the bright sunlight. She greeted him with enough enthusiasm to make him ecstatic, and me the opposite. See, she likes me. She wouldn't smile like that if she didn't. I bet she wanted to go to the dance with me. Wonder what's so important in Seattle†¦ He perceived the change in her hair. â€Å"I never noticed before – your hair has red in it.† I accidentally uprooted the young spruce tree my hand was resting on when he pinched a strand of her hair between his fingers. â€Å"Only in the sun,† she said. To my deep satisfaction, she cringed away from him slightly when he tucked the strand behind her ear. It took Mike a minute to build up his courage, wasting some time on small talk. She reminded him of the essay we all had due on Wednesday. From the faintly smug expression on her face, hers was already done. He'd forgotten altogether, and that severely diminished his free time. Dang – stupid essay. Finally he got to the point – my teeth were clenched so hard they could have pulverized granite – and even then, he couldn't make himself ask the question outright. â€Å"I was going to ask if you wanted to go out.† â€Å"Oh,† she said. There was a brief silence. Oh? What does that mean? Is she going to yes? Wait – I guess I didn't really ask. He swallowed hard. â€Å"Well, we could go to dinner or something†¦and I could work on it later.† Stupid – that wasn't a question either. â€Å"Mike†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The agony and fury of my jealousy was every whit as powerful as it had been last week. I broke another tree trying to hold myself here. I wanted so badly to race across the campus, too fast for human eyes, and snatch her up – to steal her away from the boy that I hated so much in this moment I could have kill him and enjoyed it. Would she say yes to him? â€Å"I don't think that would be the best idea.† I breathed again. My rigid body relaxed. Seattle was just an excuse, after all. Shouldn't have asked. What was I thinking? Bet it's that freak, Cullen†¦ â€Å"Why?† he asked sullenly. â€Å"I think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she hesitated. â€Å"And if you ever repeat what I'm saying right now I will cheerfully beat you to death – â€Å" I laughed out loud at the sound of a death threat coming through her lips. A jay shrieked, startled, and launched itself away from me. â€Å"But I think that would hurt Jessica's feelings.† â€Å"Jessica?† What? But†¦ Oh. Okay. I guess†¦ So†¦ Huh. His thoughts were no longer coherent. â€Å"Really, Mike, are you blind?† I echoed her sentiment. She shouldn't expect everyone to be as perceptive as she was, but really this instance was beyond obvious. With as much trouble as Mike had had working himself up to ask Bella out, did he imagine it wasn't just as difficult for Jessica? It must be selfishness that made him blind to others. And Bella was so unselfish, she saw everything. Jessica. Huh. Wow. Huh. â€Å"Oh,† he managed to say. Bella used his confusion to make her exit. â€Å"It's time for class, and I can't be late again.† Mike became an unreliable viewpoint from then on. He found, as he turned the idea of Jessica around and around in his head, that he rather liked the thought of her finding him attractive. It was second place, not as good as if Bella had felt that way. She's cute, though, I guess. Decent body. A bird in the hand†¦ He was off then, on to new fantasies that were just as vulgar as the ones about Bella, but now they only irritated rather than infuriated. How little he deserved either girl; they were almost interchangeable to him. I stayed clear of his head after that. When she was out of sight, I curled up against the cool trunk of an enormous madrone tree and I danced from mind to mind, keeping her in sight, always glad when Angela Weber was available to look through. I wished there was someway to thank the Weber girl for simply being a nice person. It made me feel better to think that Bella had one friend worth having. I watched Bella's face from whichever angle I was given, and I could see that she was sad again. This surprised me – I thought the sun would be enough to keep her smiling. At lunch, I saw her glance time and time again toward the empty Cullen table, and that thrilled me. It gave me hope. Perhaps she missed me, too. She had plans to go out with the other girls – I automatically planned my own surveillance – but these plans were postponed when Mike invited Jessica out on the date he'd planned for Bella. So I went straight to her home instead, doing a quick sweep of the woods to make sure no one dangerous had wandered too close. I knew Jasper had warned his one-time brother to avoid the town – citing my insanity as both explanation and warning – but I wasn't taking any chances. Peter and Charlotte had no intention of causing animosity with my family, but intentions were changeable things†¦ All right, I was overdoing it. I knew that. As if she knew I was watching, as if she took pity on the agony I felt when I couldn't see her, Bella came out to the backyard after a long hour indoors. She had a book in her hand and a blanket under her arm. Silently, I climbed into the higher branches of the closest tree overlooking the yard. She spread the blanket on the damp grass and then lay on her stomach and started flipping through the worn book, as if trying to find her place. I read over her shoulder. Ah – more classics. She was an Austen fan. She read quickly, crossing and recrossing her ankles in the air. I was watching the sunlight and wind play in her hair when her body suddenly stiffened, and her hand froze on the page. All I saw was that she'd reached chapter three when she roughly grabbed a thick section of pages and shoved them over. I caught a glance of a title page, Mansfield Park. She was starting a new story – the book was a compilation of novels. I wondered why she'd switched stories so abruptly. Just a few moments later, she slammed the book angrily shut. With a fierce scowl on her face, she pushed the book aside and flipped over onto her back. She took a deep breath, as if to calm herself, pushed her sleeves up and closed her eyes. I remembered the novel, but I couldn't think of anything offensive in it to upset her. Another mystery. I sighed. She lay very still, moving just once to yank her hair away from her face. It fanned out over her head, a river of chestnut. And then she was motionless again. Her breathing slowed. After several long minutes her lips began to tremble. Mumbling in her sleep. Impossible to resist. I listened as far out as I could, catching voices in the houses nearby. Two tablespoons of flour†¦one cup of milk†¦ C'mon! Get it through the hoop! Aw, c'mon! Red, or blue†¦or maybe I should wear something more casual†¦ There was no one close by. I jumped to the ground, landing silently on my toes. This was very wrong, very risky. How condescendingly I'd once judged Emmett for his thoughtless ways and Jasper for his lack of discipline – and now I was consciously flouting all the rules with a wild abandon that made their lapses look like nothing at all. I used to be the responsible one. I sighed, but crept out into the sunshine, regardless. I avoided looking at myself in the sun's glare. It was bad enough that my skin was stone and inhuman in shadow; I didn't want to look at Bella and myself side by side in the sunlight. The difference between us was already insurmountable, painful enough without this image also in my head. But I couldn't ignore the rainbow sparkles that reflected onto her skin when I got closer. My jaw locked at the sight. Could I be any more of a freak? I imagined her terror if she opened her eyes now†¦ I started to retreat, but she mumbled again, holding me there. â€Å"Mmm†¦ Mmm.† Nothing intelligible. Well, I would wait for a bit. I carefully stole her book, stretching my arm out and holding my breath while I was close, just in case. I started breathing again when I was a few yards away, tasting the way the sunshine and open air affected her scent. The heat seemed to sweeten the smell. My throat flamed with desire, the fire fresh and fierce again because I had been away from her for too long. I spent a moment controlling that, and then – forcing myself to breathe through my nose – I let her book fall open in my hands. She'd started with the first book†¦ I flipped through the pages quickly to the third chapter of Sense and Sensibility, searching for something potentially offensive in Austen's overly polite prose. When my eyes stopped automatically at my name – the character Edward Ferrars being introduced for the first time – Bella spoke again. â€Å"Mmm. Edward.† She sighed. This time I did not fear that she had awoken. Her voice was just a low, wistful murmur. Not the scream of fear it would have been if she'd seen me now. Joy warred with self-loathing. She was still dreaming of me, at least. â€Å"Edmund. Ahh. Too†¦.close†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Edmund? Ha! She wasn't dreaming of me at all, I realized blackly. The self-loathing returned in force. She was dreaming of fictional characters. So much for my conceit. I replaced her book, and stole back into the cover of the shadows – where I belonged. The afternoon passed and I watched, feeling helpless again, as the sun slowly sank in the sky and the shadows crawled across the lawn toward her. I wanted to push them back, but the darkness was inevitable; the shadows took her. When the light was gone, her skin looked too pale – ghostly. Her hair was dark again, almost black against her face. It was a frightening thing to watch – like witnessing Alice's visions come to fruition. Bella's steady, strong heartbeat was the only reassurance, the sound that kept this moment from feeling like a nightmare. I was relieved when her father arrived home. I could hear little from him as he drove down the street toward the house. Some vague annoyance†¦in the past, something from his day at work. Expectation mixed with hunger – I guessed that he was looking forward to dinner. But his thoughts were so quiet and contained that I could not be sure I was right; I only got the gist of them. I wondered what her mother sounded like – what the genetic combination had been that had formed her so uniquely. Bella started awake, jerking up to a sitting position when the tires of her father's car hit the brick driveway. She stared around herself, seeming confused by the unexpected darkness. For one brief moment, her eyes touched the shadows where I hid, but they flickered quickly away. â€Å"Charlie?† she asked in a low voice, still peering into the trees surrounding the small yard. The door of his car slammed shut, and she looked to the sound. She got to her feet quickly and gathered her things, casting one more look back toward the woods. I moved into a tree closer to the back window near the small kitchen, and listened to their evening. It was interesting to compare Charlie's words to his muffled thoughts. His love and concern for his only daughter were nearly overwhelming, and yet his words were always terse and casual. Most of the time, they sat in companionable silence. I heard her discuss her plans for the following evening in Port Angeles, and I refined my own plans as I listened. Jasper had not warned Peter and Charlotte to stay clear of Port Angeles. Though I knew that they had fed recently and had no intention of hunting any where in the vicinity of our home, I would watch her, just in case. After all, there were always others of my kind out there. And then, all those human dangers that I had never much considered before now. I heard her worry aloud about leaving her father to prepare dinner alone, and smiled at this proof to my theory – yes, she was a care-taker. And then I left, knowing I would return when she was asleep. I would not trespass on her privacy the way the peeping tom would have. I was here for her protection, not to leer at her in the way Mike Newton no doubt would, were he agile enough to move through the treetops the way I could. I would not treat her so crassly. My house was empty when I returned, which was fine by me. I didn't miss the confused or disparaging thoughts, questioning my sanity. Emmett had left a note stuck to the newel post. Football at the Rainier field – c'mon! Please? I found a pen and scrawled the word sorry beneath his plea. The teams were even without me, in any case. I went for the shortest of hunting trips, contenting myself with the smaller, gentler creatures that did not taste as good as the hunters, and then changed into fresh clothes before I ran back to Forks. Bella did not sleep as well tonight. She thrashed in her blankets, her face sometimes worried, sometimes sad. I wondered what nightmare haunted her†¦and then realized that perhaps I really didn't want to know. When she spoke, she mostly muttered derogatory things about Forks in a glum voice. Only once, when she sighed out the words â€Å"Come back† and her hand twitched open – a wordless plea – did I have a chance to hope she might be dreaming of me. The next day of school, the last day the sun would hold me prisoner, was much the same as the day before. Bella seemed even gloomier than yesterday, and I wondered if she would bow out of her plans – she didn't seem in the mood. But, being Bella, she would probably put her friends' enjoyment above that of her own. She wore a deep blue blouse today, and the color set her skin off perfectly, making it look like fresh cream. School ended, and Jessica agreed to pick the other girls up – Angela was going, too, for which I was grateful. I went home to get my car. When I found that Peter and Charlotte were there, I decided could afford to give the girls an hour or so for a head start. I would never be able to bear following behind them, driving at the speed limit – hideous thought. I came in through the kitchen, nodding vaguely at Emmett's and Esme's greetings as I passed by everyone in the front room and went straight to the piano. Ugh, he's back. Rosalie, of course. Ah, Edward. I hate to see him suffering so. Esme's joy was becoming marred by concern. She should be concerned. This love story she envisioned for me was careening toward a tragedy more perceptibly every moment. Have fun in Port Angeles tonight, Alice thought cheerfully. Let me know when I'm allowed to talk to Bella. You're pathetic. I can't believe you missed the game last night just to watch somebody sleep, Emmett grumbled. Jasper paid me no mind, even when the song I played came out a little more stormily than I'd intended. It was an old song, with a familiar theme: impatience. Jasper was saying goodbye to his friends, who eyed me curiously. What a strange creature, the Alice-sized, white-blond Charlotte was thinking. And he was so normal and pleasant the last time we met. Peter's thoughts were in sync with hers, as was usually the case. It must be the animals. The lack of human blood drives them mad eventually, he was concluding. His hair was just as fair as hers, and almost as long. They were very similar – except for size, as he was almost as tall as Jasper – in both look and thought. A well matched pair, I'd always thought. Everyone but Esme stopped thinking about me after a moment, and I played in more subdued tones so that I would not attract notice. I did not pay attention to them for a long while, just letting the music distract me from my unease. It was hard to have the girl out of sight and mind. I only returned my attention to their conversation when the goodbyes grew more final. â€Å"If you see Maria again,† Jasper was saying, a little warily, â€Å"tell her I wish her well.† Maria was the vampire who had created both Jasper and Peter – Jasper in the latter half of the nineteenth century, Peter more recently, in the nineteen forties. She'd looked Jasper up once when we were in Calgary. It had been an eventful visit – we'd had to move immediately. Jasper had politely asked her to keep her distance in the future. â€Å"I don't imagine that will happen soon,† Peter said with a laugh – Maria was undeniable dangerous and there was not much love lost between her and Peter. Peter had, after all, been instrumental in Jasper's defection. Jasper had always been Maria's favorite; she considered it a minor detail that she had once planned to kill him. â€Å"But, should it happen, I certainly will.† They were shaking hands then, preparing to depart. I let the song I was playing trail off to an unsatisfying end, and got hastily to my feet. â€Å"Charlotte, Peter,† I said, nodding. â€Å"It was nice to see you again, Edward,† Charlotte said doubtfully. Peter just nodded in return. Madman, Emmett threw after me. Idiot, Rosalie thought at the same time. Poor boy. Esme. And Alice, in a chiding tone. They're going straight east, to Seattle. No where near Port Angeles. She showed me the proof in her visions. I pretended I hadn't heard that. My excuses were already flimsy enough. Once in my car, I felt more relaxed; the robust purr of the engine Rosalie had boosted for me – last year, when she was in a better mood – was soothing. It was a relief to be in motion, to know that I was getting closer to Bella with every mile that flew away under my tires.

Why I Choose to Be a Sociology Major

In comparison to previous topics I’ve studied, sociology better suits what it is I want to do with my life. It has taken me a while to figure what my niche is since I’ve been in college. Before declaring sociology as a major, I was a business major. I have always had a strong interest in business, but as I progressed with the program, it became evident to me that I have no interest in working in corporate America. I realized that I would much rather become and entrepreneur and discover new ways to help people. After eading up on sociology, I saw that sociology offers you knowledge that translates across the board, whereas business is more one-dimensional. Math has always been a weakness of mine, and luckily, sociology only requires one class. Although that shouldn’t be a major selling point, it definitely was for me! While I’m aware that sociology is by no means easy, it is certainly a relief to know that I will no longer be tested on information that I feel is totally useless to me. I struggled in the majority of my math related classes while I was a business major, and that was quite epressing for me. After much debate, I decided that I would probably be best if I opted for a career course that did not include anti-derivatives and the Pythagorean theorem! People skills are integral part of any organization, and sociology provides you with the information to perfect them. By studying how people work and interact, I will be more effective in whatever career path I choose to take. Sociology will enhance whatever knowledge and experience I have concerning people skills because I will be more aware of how to reach people on a more personable level.

Effects of the Issue on Early Childhood Education Essay

This study examines the effects of Tulsa, Oklahoma’s early childhood education programs on social-emotional outcomes at kindergarten entry. As such, it extends our prior work demonstrating substantial positive impacts of the Tulsa pre-K and Head Start programs on cognitive development, including pre-reading skills, pre-writing skills, and pre-math skills (Gormley, Phillips, & Gayer, 2008). We focus on children who were enrolled in either the Tulsa Public Schools (TPS) pre-K program or the Community Action Project (CAP) of Tulsa County Head Start program during the year prior to kindergarten. Oklahoma’s pre-K program has received national attention because, as one of a handful of programs with universal eligibility, it reaches a higher percentage of fouryear-olds (68%) than any other program in the nation (Barnett al. al. , 2007). It also offers atypically high quality preschool education (Phillips, Gormley, & Lowenstein, in press), perhaps in part because Oklahoma requires a lead teacher with a B. A. degree who is early-childhood-certified in every classroom and pays these teachers regular school system wages. In Tulsa, the CAP Head Start program follows the same guidelines. As a result, this investigation may be seen as offering a â€Å"best case scenario† look at the potential contribution of high-quality school-based pre-K and Head Start programs to children’s social-emotional development. Social-emotional Development Young children’s social-emotional development captures a broad swath of specific outcomes, ranging from the ability to identify and understand one’s own and others’ feelings, establish and sustain relationships with both peers and adults, and regulate one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts (National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 2005). The importance of these foundational capacities has been welldocumented. Having behavior problems in early childhood, for example, is associated with low peer acceptance, maladaptive teacher-child relationships, and anti-social disorders and delinquency in middle childhood and adolescence (Brody et al. , 2003; Ladd & Burgess, 1999; Nagin & Tremblay, 2001; Shaw, Owens, Giovannelli, & Winslow, 2001; White, Moffitt, Earls, Robins, & Silva, 1990). Early childhood behavior that is more internalizing in nature, such as fearfulness or behavioral inhibition, is also associated with the development of serious anxiety problems in middle childhood and beyond (Tincas, Benga & Fox, 2006; Fox et al. , 2005; Schwartz, Wright, Shin, Kagan, & Rauch, 2003). The emergence of emotional and behavioral problems in children is much more likely under conditions of adversity, with poverty and low social-economic status having been studied extensively in this context. Deep and prolonged poverty, perhaps especially during the early childhood years (Duncan, Yeung, Brooks-Gunn, & Smith, 1998), has been found repeatedly to predict emotional and behavioral problems in children, even after accounting for parent and family characteristics (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002; Dodge, Pettit, & Bates, 1994; Duncan, Brooks-Gunn, & Klebanov, 1994; McLoyd, 1998; Ripke & Huston, 2005). The effects of poverty appear to be more pronounced for externalizing behavior problems (e. g. , aggression, defiance) than for internalizing behavior problems (e. g. , social withdrawal, depression) (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002; Brooks-Gunn & Duncan, 1997).

Should online degrees be considered to be equal to college or Essay

Should online degrees be considered to be equal to college or university campus degrees - Essay Example line communication or teaching takes place only in the verbal form whereas in classroom teaching communication is taking place both in verbal and nonverbal form. It is often said that the amount of information communicated though nonverbal channels is more than that communicated through verbal channels. In short, online courses cannot offer effective communication between the teacher and the student. Online courses can offer only theoretical knowledge whereas college courses can offer both theoretical and practical knowledge. In order to learn a topic properly, both theoretical and practical knowledge are essential. In other words, online degree holders may not have proper practical knowledge compared to the regular college degree holders. The credibility of online degree cannot be equated against that of a university degree. Online degrees are provided by legitimate and illegitimate institutions whereas university degree is provided only by the legitimate sources. Proponents of online degree are of the view that online degrees and university degrees have not many differences. In the case of online degrees in art subjects, the above argument seems to be valid up to certain extent. However, it should be noted that science degrees earned through online courses may not have the backing of practical knowledge and therefore it cannot be equated against the science degrees from regular colleges or

Poverty ( Global Issue) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poverty ( Global Issue) - Research Paper Example Now how does it affect the world in large? It creates a chaos, in the form of increased number of immigrants (legal and illegal both) in developed countries, increases crime rate, hinders globalization process due to instable situation of the underdeveloped country, produces inflation which reduces buying power and consequently encourages corruption, becomes an active cause of decline in literacy rate due to the need of every individual to earn living, increases disease due to inadequate health care facilities and above of all increases the death rate, which is a communal aspect of concern for all the nations to ponder over and work towards its elimination. Poverty means people living their life in very low conditions lacking basic necessities and services for quality life; for example: proper housing, clothing, food, water, education and health care facilities. Poverty is inevitable to any country, but third world countries or under developed countries like Congo, Liberia, Uganda, Z imbabwe, Malawi, Ethiopia, Afghanistan and Mali are extreme poverty stricken, where people lack basic needs like food, water, shelter and struggle throughout their life to make the ends meet ("20 Poorest Countries In The World"). However, developed countries like UK, Canada and Australia have also faced poverty to some extent after the global economic recession. Even the wealthiest country has areas where people live low standard of life, but they are secluded; like ghetto areas. Where, they are seen as nomadic homeless, deprived suburbs, street children, jobless people or as aboriginals. Thus, it’s a relatively mild type of poverty, where they receive aid for their basic necessities from the government or from social services at some point. People suffer from poverty either due to unfortunate incidents like loss of financial means, un-payable debts and due to incurable diseases or due to their pre-existed environment of paucity of basic needs (Lu?sted, p.12). Hence, every hu man requires four basic requirements like food, hygienic water, shelter and health care facility as his basic right to life, which if lack then he/ she is bound to be struck with poverty. Facts on Poverty: Approximately 3 billion people around the globe live on $2.50 per day and almost 1.3 billion spend their life in intense poverty and live on $1.25 per day. Due to the abovementioned ratio of earning and consumption of poverty stricken people, 1 billion children live in poverty and around 22,000 die every day due to it (Shah). Among other causes, scarcity of food, sanitation and clean water is a major cause for increased death rate among children around the world. Lack of drinking water and food shortage has been described as a major cause for increased death rate in the world by World Food Programme, which has increased death rate among children more than malaria, HIV, and tuberculoses. About 870 million people do not receive sufficient food and around 165 million children growth is affected due to continual malnutrition. Due to unhygienic condition of water diarrhea and pneumonia prevail especially; among young children, taking the lives of 2 million children each year, who also lack basic services to health care facility due to poverty (Shah). Outcomes or consequences of Poverty: Poverty causes drastic consequences in any society. Hence, these can comprise of hunger, prevalence of diseases, increase in population, overcrowding and undernourishment.

Questions in Theory of Computation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions in Theory of Computation - Assignment Example The binary search uses the divide and conquer algorithm. Dynamic programming solves a complex problem by breaking it down into easier sub-problems hence it solves each sub-problem once only, reducing number of computations and can solve optimization problems that would not have been easily sorted out through greedy approach since the greedy algorithm works in phases and at each phase, it gets the best at that instance with no regard of others. Backtracking tries different solutions till it finds a solution that is more suitable. Such problems can only be solved by trying every possible configuration and each configuration is tried only once. This describes the restraining behavior of a function when an argument leans to a value or to infinity and is used to describe a function according to their growing rates and functions with identical growth are denoted with the same expression A language is in class P if there is a deterministic Turing machine such that the TM runs for polynomial time over all inputs and for all values of the language, the TM outputs 1 and for all values in the language, the TM outputs 0.A problem is in a complex class P when there is an algorithm that solves it in a time bounded by polynomial of the input size, hence there will be an algorithm that will tell in a polynomial time whether a given number is composite S is NP-hard if, for every S ∈ NP, S, hence implying that S is ‘as hard as’ all the problems in NP while a problem S is NP-complete if it is NP-hard and it is also in the class NP itself. In symbols, S is NP-complete if S is NP-hard and S ∈ NP. NP-complete problem forms a set of problems that could be intractable or tractable. This is a case where it is not possible to check the validity of either a yes –answer or a no-answer in a finite amount of time. For the case of an asserted no-answer, the argument that establishes that can be no finite

Homework1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework1 - Assignment Example Eliminating tariffs on traded commodities between the two nations ensures lower prices and therefore ability to purchase commodities for meeting needs. It also increases variety of commodities in the market to facilitate utility. In addition, promoting international trade increased employment opportunities and income of involved stakeholders in production and distribution. Reported statistics on potential of Blacks to benefit from the initiative also identify the need for diversified economic initiatives for benefits to diversified population segments (Drew 1). The initiative has diversified benefit to the United States. It offers greater economic opportunities for the nation in Columbia by allowing products from the United States to be more prices competitive to domestic products in Columbia. The initiative’s effects of increased international trade also has benefits such as increased variety of commodities to US consumers, reduced commodity prices, increased variety of goods, and increased employment rates due to increased productivity from the expanded market (Drew 1). A similar initiative could be duplicated in other countries because of effects of globalization that requires international corporation and benefits of facilitated international trade that are universal to all countries (Drew 1). Drew, Alton. â€Å"Getting ahead of Obama’s national export initiative.† Politic365. May 24, 2013. Web. June 3, 2014.

The Tyranny of the Majority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Tyranny of the Majority - Essay Example Gayism and lesbianism are two practices strictly prohibited in the Arab world, and any one seized in the practice or openly advocates to have practiced it face dire consequences. Massad observed that the supporters of gay international movement have produced literature used to disseminate information about gays and lesbianism in the Arab world. Moreover, Mossad noted the oppression in which most gays and lesbians leave in the Arab world, and most of them do not dare come out, though there are reported numerous cases of male homoeroticism. The fact that people fear coming out openly as gays or lesbians explains the precarious situation of these people in the Arab world, where culture is held conservatively, and all expected to tow a single line of culture and religion. In fact, Mossad remarks that the concept of homosexuality in the Arab world is considered unfamiliar as people do not expect to have any homosexuals or lesbians among their societies. Amar explains the perceptions of most leaders in the society towards those considered undertaking odd practices within a society. The Brazilian purity campaigns targeted prostitutes in all Brazilian cities. The prostitutes were considered an eye sore and a bad image to the cities and the country at large and had to be removed. As Amar explains, the main motive behind the massive sweeps of prostitutes in Brazilian cities was to facilitate the country clean its name not to be associated with promotion of sex tourism and prostitution. 4 The use of the church, provincial military police, feminist groups and international organizations, though obligated to help poor people involved in prostitution  targeted  getting rid of prostitutes from cities. On the contrary, the aim was not offering help to prostitutes to change their lives towards more sociable behavior. In this case, the police  were  the â€Å"moral guardians of the society and the campaigns were aimed at â€Å"disciplining the public sociability.5 This was a case of tyranny of the majority; they forced norms and values to others regardless of their views and perceptions. For many years, the American whites had protected the purity of the white race by discouraging and even criminalizing any sexual association between with whites and immigrants from Asia or Africa. Shah reported the surveillance of the borderlands that brought an ambiguity of contingency to protect American men from threats posed by different groups of masculinities, considered fo reign and degenerate.6 Therefore, racialization increased construction of masculinity in America  based on racial and sexual topologies necessary for  checking any relationships between their males and foreign immigrants. The immigrants were considered impure and a threat to the purity for the whites. Moreover, Naber explains the efforts to create Arab cultural identity especially among daughters in families.7 As Naber remarked, when a daughter rejected the concept of Arab womanhood even after migrating to a

Class student dicussions answers week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Class student dicussions answers week 3 - Essay Example Drive capacity and device speed are increasingly becoming more diverse and dynamic. On the same note, changes and improvements are being made on disk partition styles. This enables the user to settle on the most relevant or preferred style. Technological advancement has also redesigned disk partition management. In other words, disk partitioning can be done in more than way, thereby giving the user more choices for device management. This is also the case when it comes to the analysis of Windows 7 disk tools. Systems maintenance could leave some devices unsupported due to unavailability of device driver(s). In such an event, the device driver would have to be reinstalled. In order to make the right supply in terms of the required type and version of the device driver, the supplier has to be aware of the underlying needs. This is to ensure that the supplied device meets the current level of systems maintenance. At an organizational level, the issue of concern would be systems security subject to the installation of device driver(s). In terms of hard drive connections, both IDE and SATA are common at an individual and organizational level. I agree with Anna. Current operation systems are accompanied by many device drivers that suit personal, business, and organizational use. In the event that these drivers are not the latest versions, there are official websites that provide download links to the latest device drivers. Unlimited downloads are allowed, making it convenient for the user. Where automatic driver updates are configured, it is vital to ensure that only the important drivers are activated for automatic update. Too many automatic updates may not be necessarily, and they might consequently affect device performance. On the other hand, data and information storage is fundamental practice in the digital age. Internal and

An analysis on understanding of successful knowledge management Research Proposal

An analysis on understanding of successful knowledge management techniques implemented within microfinancial institutes in India - Research Proposal Example In an organisational context, knowledge management refers to the activities concerned with capturing, processing and diffusion of knowledge for the purpose of decision making and forward planning by management. The present study examines how effective is the knowledge management in an organisation to foster innovation and enhance labour productivity within the organization. Organisations have no chance of success and growth without knowledge management in the modern information-driven economy. Today organisations are trying to become more and more innovative and competitive than their rivals in regard to their knowledge gathering and dissemination. Irrespective of the type, size and nature, organisations have acknowledged the fact that knowledge management enhances the possibilities of employee learning and productivity. It has been observed by experts that learning environment is vital in modern organisations to survive and success and knowledge management gives a platform for learning opportunities and innovative thinking. It has been proved by experts (Gibbons, 1994; Nonaka et al., 1995 and 2000; and Howells, 1996) that the very basis of innovation is knowledge sharing activities. An interactive and cooperative organisational environment is very conducive for knowledge transfer and sharing that foster employee learning and productivity (Gold et al., 2001). With this background, the present study attempts to evaluate how effective is the knowledge management system in micro-financial institutions to help in employee learning and increased productivity. Despite there are endless efforts to implement knowledge management across organisations of small as well as large among both public and private organisations, little effort has been made so far to introduce the same in the micro financial institutions in India.

Read Chapters Three and Four of your text Corporate Universities and Essay

Read Chapters Three and Four of your text Corporate Universities and respond to the topic questions - Essay Example Meister says that the principle of corporate university is based on flexible approach so that they are able to incorporate the environmental changes within their work paradigms. My company keeps evolving with outside changes through creation of constant learning environment. The company’s well defined hierarchical organizational structure is designed to cater to the wider perspectives of competitive business. Coaching and feedback are top priority that enables us to keep up with the challenges of the time. I agree with Montgomery (2008) that changing times require more dynamic strategic goals to meet the emerging new challenges. My company’s plans and actions in promoting its dynamic business goals are aligned to its values which thrive on change. While corporate university is a recently evolved concept, the imperatives of providing a learning environment for the workers have been consistent with the vision and mission of our company since its inception. I strongly believe that training programs facilitate the acquisition of skills and necessary knowledge to develop a wider perspective towards various issues. Indeed, the company has been able to provide the hierarchy of workers with a wider scope for professional growth in the area of core competencies. Meister believes that the basic goal of the corporate universities is to ensure that the corporate bodies are able to easily adapt to the fast changing equations of the global business so as to maintain market position. They do that through partnership with other businesses and educational institutes. The alliances help to provide a wider database of new resources and knowledge acquisition. It facilitates development of curricula based on real situation and incorporates the demands of the changing times. Thus, the corporate universities are able to exploit the huge

“The Wife of Bath’s Tale” by Geoffrey Chaucer and “The Flea” by John Donne Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and â€Å"The Flea† by John Donne Essay In this paper I will compare the approach to marriage in the works â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and â€Å"The Flea† by John Donne; in both cases it is a means to an end: in the first the old woman wants to get â€Å"the thing that most of all Women desire† and in the second the lover seeks â€Å"How little which his lover (thou) deniest him (me)† and uses an allusion to marriage to achieve this. In â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† the old woman seems to ask the knight a naà ¯ve request; there is no hint that what she will ask of him is to marry her: â€Å"Swear me true that whatsoever I ask of you, you’ll do it if it lies whithin you might†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . After the knight returns to the queen, and the answer the old woman gave the knight is the one the queen looked for, the old woman’s intent becomes clear: â€Å"Before the court I ask you, then, sir knight, To take me, as you wife.† The knight in shock tries to refuse, but as he has sworn â€Å"upon his (my) honor† he has no way out of the deal he closed; therefore, they get married. As married couples are due in the night of the wedding, the couple goes to bed to consummate the marriage. Here is when we learn what the old woman’s plan was. As they lay in bed they old woman is waiting for the knight to act as a newlywed husband, but she then realizes that the knight’s intentions were not the ones she hoped for: â€Å"You are so loathsome and so old as well†¦ †¦It is no wonder that I toss and turn.† The wife tells her husband that he has two choices, and he is welcome to choose what he best prefers, for she will do as he bids and never complain. The knight thinks carefully, and weighs his options, and then realizes that this choice should not be his: â€Å"My love and lady, my dear wife. In your wise government I put my life†¦ †¦I am content, whatever pleases you.† Now the old woman’s motive is clear, and she got â€Å"the thing that most of all Women desire† â€Å"to have sovereignty†¦ †¦above their husbands, and to have their way in love†; the choice is hers to do as she pleases, and what she wants is to please him, so she gives her husband everything he could have wanted. The decision she makes can be confusing since she denies herself the power she wanted after getting the choice, but the main point is that even so she was able to choose. In â€Å"The Flea† the man is not looking for marriage, he seeks only to consummate it. The allusion to marriage is used to undermine the importance of the act that comes after the wedding: the bedding. The poem starts with the comparison between both lovers being bitten by a flea, and the lover thinks that the act of being bitten by a flea is less than the consumption of marriage: â€Å"Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pampered swells with one blood made of two, And this, alas, is more than we would do.† The fact that they were bitten by the same flea means that they are as good as married. The lover tries to convince his mistress that what he wants is not sinful as she thinks since they are already married by the bite of the flea, so they may as well do what married couples do: â€Å"The flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed and marriage temple is.† The woman is not convinced by his words, and tries to kill the flea, but her lover tries to convince her that this flea is them, and their love and marriage, and if she kills the flea, not only the flea will die: â€Å"†Three sins in killing three.† After the flea is killed by his lover, he finds a way to turn around the situation for his benefit, and tells her that the fact that flea is dead only shows that nothing is as important as it seems; therefore, why should not them lay together? She will lose as much as the flea lost which apparently she thinks it is not a lot: â€Å"’Tis true; then learn how false fears be: Just so much honor, when thou yield’st to me, will waste†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In this works the use of marriage although used for alternate purposes is given different meaning. In â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale†, the old woman wants â€Å"the thing that most of all Women desire†, and is willing to do anything to get it; in â€Å"The Flea† the lover wants to lay with his mistress, and will say anything to convince her, even that they are â€Å"married† after being bitten by a flea. The use of the marriage in both stories is done differently since the old woman lures the knight into marrying her, so that she can get what she want, and the lover tries to convince his mistress they are already married in a sense, so that he will able to bed her. One may well say nevertheless that in both cases marriage is a means of leverage, a tool to be best used as the authors see fit, in order to allow their characters achieve their aims; whatever those aims might be. In these sense marriage gets a similar treatment in both stories.

Whether An Entrepreneur Is Born Or Made Business Essay

Whether An Entrepreneur Is Born Or Made Business Essay Entrepreneur is an individual who, operate, takes risks of a business. Which means the process of running a business by their own. Due to economic crisis through out the world these days , most of the countries are encouraging people to be and entrepreneurial which leads to increase in the jobs for the people and increase the economy of the country. People become entrepreneurs by themself to start a business when they are controlled by many factors around them. Some people want to leave their jobs and start own business and few people want to earn money sitting at home. May be some people look for the needs for a market and to meet those needs they start their own business by supplying products for the market. If they successed in this process this makes them successful entrepreneur. This paper will discuss whether an entrepreneur is born or made by analyzing the factors such as entrepreneur characteritics, roles of an entrepreneur and can an entrepreneur be taught History Who is an entrepreneur Entrepreneur is an individual or group of individuals who identify the business opportunity then try to reach the business goal or create business value through providing an innovative solution for business difficulties and also realize and accept the risks involved in the business (Wickham, 2006). Entrepreneur came from small business, now a days small business have changed the market significantly and plays an important role in the economy the example is the country like North America which has more than 50% of small business (Shinnar et al, 2009). An entrepreneur is one who creates a job, changes the market trend and identifies the business opportunities, enterpreneur are so deducated which puts their ideas into work, entrepreneur adds on extra knowledge and skills to attract the investors, partners and creditors (Hofstand, 2006). Function of an entrepreneur Entrepreneur can be described as a small business owner from an economic propective which states that, these small business forms a structure. This structure plays an important role in the economic development which improves the living and working condition (Cf. Schumacher 1973; Birch 1981; Piore and Sabel 1984). And the characteristics function of an entrepreneur can be reflected in a creative response to the changing condition as a result the new ways of development comes in existence by the entrepreneur (Schumpeter, 1947) therefore , the function of an entrepreneur is to improve the economy by doing business in an innovative way. The main tasks of an entrepreneur is to recognize the business opportunity, start of their own business, gathering funds for the start of business, advertising the business in the market, analyzing the risk and providing leadership (Wickham, 2006). Defination of entrepreneur Bolton and Thompson (2000) have defined the entrepreneur as a person who creates and innovates a recognised value of something around the perceived opportunities. Some people still chase for an opportunities to create something after they have reached a position and live a life of luxury, they cannot stop themsleves because of there natural behaviour. The recognised value can be either Economic, Social or Aesthetic capital. Entrepreneurs can be found in large corporations such as private or public sectors Social entrepreneurs have an impact on communities or community welfare for example such as double bottom welfare businesses through a social attribute or grant -dependent community initiatives. where as Aesthetic entrepreneurs deals with developments in art, music and architecture. For example they might see themselves as first and best artists, designers or architects which makes them different from others and in this process they become wealthy. Bolton and Thompson (2003) have offered a framework to difine a entrepreneur depending upon six characters they are Focus, Advantage, Creativity, Ego-inner and outer, Team, Social Focus covers target focus, time focus and action focus which provides an evidence of urgency by an entrepreneur to get on with things. Creativity involves ideas and opportunities. Advantage differentiates betweeen the value created and added. Ego has six components split into inner and outer ego the inner ego includes motivation, self-assurance and dedication. The outer ego includes responsibility, accountability and an ability to deal with set backs. Team is a distinct feature that manipulate the characteristics of focus, advantage and creativity. Social influence the nature of the business whether it is a profit or non profit business and it also effects the culture and style of an organisation in which way the employees are treated. Characteristics of an entrepreneur Education Education is an important character of an entrepreneur. Education gives an individual a lot of support and knowledge to be an entrepreneur For example, the majority of engineers worked for state governments where they were valued for technical skills but now many engineers are starting up small companies which they can develop by their own skills (Shinnar et al, 2009). Previous work experience Any individual who starts up a new business, they have a previous work experience whether they worked as managers or any other managerial positions. Moreover, any individual who has an experience can start up a new business. In addition to this, who worked abroad will have a tendency to export if once they start the business at local level. The 75% of an individual who had an experience of working as any type of managerial positions would have a tendency to become an entrepreneur (Kinsella et al, 1993). Family background If any of the parents are self-employed i.e. who have their own businesses, this increases the tendency to keep a new venture creation. And if one or both parents are self-employed, they can expose the skills, attitudes, values to their children and this will direct them to become an entrepreneur. The future entrepreneurs can take their parents as a role model; this would be no matter whether they are successful or unsuccessful. a research done by OFarrell'(1986) showed that 46% percent of the new firm founders had fathers who were self-employed at a time when 26 percent of the population was self-employed.(OGorman Cunningham,1997) Those new firms does not include the inheritance Economics change: Economics change may trigger the wave or fashion that being entrepreneurial. After the economic reform issued in 1978 (planning market to free market), most of people in Africa started their own business lead to the huge change in areas of traditional industry business. (Kanungo, 1998) For example, papermaking industry. And the people in Asia are also encouraged to start there business. Tey are few european countries effected more due to a poor natural climate; therefore the government encourages people to start their own business. It also can be interpreted as a creative response to the change condition ( Schumpeter 1947). Culture difference Culture affect plays a very important character of being an entrepreneurial in which some culture entrepreneurship is a very norm behavior. For example, the Amish is a religious group which now residence in Ohio and Pennsylvania. The culture of the group decides that they do not work with the people that do not share the same tradition, rather to make a choice of working for companies; they prefer to be self-employed or work amongst themselves. (Kanungo, 1998) It can show that when culture value or the belief of life take an important role of decision making, which makes an individual to start his own business. Previous work experience Any individual who starts up a new business, they have a previous work experience whether they worked as managers or any other managerial positions. Moreover, any individual who has an experience can start up a new business. In addition to this, who worked abroad will have a tendency to export if once they start the business at local level. The 75% of an individual who had an experience of working as any type of managerial positions would have a tendency to become an entrepreneur (Kinsella et al, 1993). Birth in a family In a family, children who are first born in a family have more chances to take an entrepreneur carrier. The reason is that because they get more attention and encouragement from their parents. The survey done by Hisrich, involving over 400 female entrepreneurs found that 50% were first born. Gender differences Every human being thinks differently according to their mental and physical abilitys. The male and female conceiving and using their mind would be different in their behaviours and their attitudes and their personal background. In addition to this, the tendency to become an entrepreneur would be high in males when compare to females. Females have low aggressiveness to start up a business rather than males (Al-Harby et al, 2009). Roles of an individual to be an entrepreneur Innovativeness Innovation is one of the important character of an entrepreneur which includes creating of new products or new quality, creating new methods of production to get into the market or to create a new organisation or structure in business. A successful innovation demands a will which is, it demands the leader of the innovation (Hansemark, 1998). Innovativeness is a behavior of a person which characterizes the difference between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation (Entrialgo et al., 2000). Innovation is a systematic search for opportunities in new market,produts or ideas (Cromie, 2000; Utsch and Rauch, 2000). Need for achievement The theory of McClelland (1961) on the need for achievement is one of the most applied theories on entrepreneurship which suggest that, the need for achievement forces the person to struggle for the success (Sagie and Elizur, 1999). A person who as a strong need for achievement can solve problems themselves, set targets and achieve the targets by their own efforts and they also deliver high performance in achieveing the tasks and innovative in doing things (Littunen, 2000; Utsch and Rauch, 2000). Locus of control Locus of control is also an important character which is related to a individual as whether he or she can handle the events in life (Leone and Burns, 2000). An individual with external locus of control belive beyond the circumstances like luck and fate, where as individual with internal locus of control belives in personal control events and effects in lives (Koh, 1996; Riipinen, 1994; Hansemark, 1998). For an individual to become a entrepeneur he should have a internal locus of control. Risk taking tendency Risk taking tendency refers to an individual who can handle or avoid the risks in a situations when needed. An enterpreneur is associated with risk, Chantilon (1755) report suggest that the main factor of differentiating entrepreneurs from a employed workers was a dout and risk involved by the former (Entrialgo et al., 2000; Thomas and Mueller, 2000). The difference between the manager and the entrepreneur in a business activities are entrepreneur personally takes all the risks an profits involved in the business howevery an individual who is in uncertain environment causes risks related to financial well-being,career opportunities, family relations and emotional state (Erdem, 2001; Brockhaus, 1980; Littunen, 2000). Tolerance for ambiguity Uncertainty occurs when there is an insufficient data. An individual should respond positively to ambiguous situations. People with low level of tolerence for ambiguity find uncertain and unstructured situation more complicated. Entrepreneurail managers are belived to tolerate ambiguity better than the conservative mangers in the organisations because entrepreneurail managers face a less structured , more uncertain set of possibilities and bear the whole responsibilities for decision making (Entrialgo et al., 2000). Self confidence An individual should have a self confidence because they work on complete demanding tasks Cromie (2000) suggest that self confidence is an outcome of an entrepreneurship an entrepreneur demonstrates a higher degree of self confidence when compared to others (Koh, 1996; Robinson et al., 1991). Positive motions Many researches suggested that feelings and activeness of personality are motive forces for all human creations. The positive motions affect the variables called feelings and emotions which is a link between them and they are analysed in different environments. The positive motion indicates the positive feeling which promotes creativity. Creativity Creativity performs a link between positive motion and innovation and also performs a link between creativity and starting up a new venture. Creativity is considered as one of the most important factors for creation of new venture which is created by individuals and called as entrepreneurs. It includes the outcomes generated by creativity. Many business ideas are generated by creativity but the creation should be in such a way that they are commercially feasible to implement the ideas into real world (Baron et al, 2009). There are few factors influencing the creation of new ventures. The factors are as follows (Tidd et al, 2005). Understanding the opportunity Entrepreneur is one who explores for changes, responds to it and searches for an opportunity. The opportunity describes the area of need or challenge on which the problems should be focused. And problems should generate answers to bring the key information and feelings etc. (Bessant et al, 2007). Community culture The community culture itself tells about how entrepreneurship is influenced. The cultural differences show the base of different levels of entrepreneurship. The culture community gives the status to those who are entrepreneurial (Berger, 1992). Technology and markets A technical standard is ordered by a legislative body and measure the rule which is enforced by an authority or by a committee or by a market. Entrepreneur controls the standards for a specification like micro computer interfaces. The standards explain the private and public conditions. When a standard is coming out into public view, government control the standards like metre length etc. Market will change the trade as slowly improves the business with the standard technology used by entrepreneur. This focuses on the private gain rather the public gain (Berger, 1983). Can entrepreneurship be taught? Education of entrepreneurship has a positive correlation. (Mancuso Mascolo, 1987) therefore, nowadays more and more course are to design for entrepreneurship education, and to identify whether the content taught in school has a positive correspondence with the practice of an entrepreneur, Bush, Edelman and Manolova conducted the research which show that only nearly half of the start-up activities were discussed in the teaching content. It implies that there are still some areas have not taken into accounts for its lack of teaching experience or lack of the full research on the relation between entrepreneur and teaching context. Not only the skills of the activities such theories involved in start-up enterprise can be taught in the context (Bush Edelman Manolova, 2008) but also students needs to be trained in practical study. Especially to the student with engineering background, since most of them may not passion for a theoretical practice based course, it is important to enable them with the theory to the real practice, working with different people generate more new ideas and being creative. (Ulijn, Aaltio, Menzel,2007). Conculsion The above discussion tells about that there is no exact definition of the entrepreneur. And also identifies that there is no exact proof of entrepreneur is born or made. Entrepreneurs are made with specified characteristics like education influences to be an entrepreneur but also born with specified background or followed by hereditary business. But above literature suggests that entrepreneurs are made, they are not born. A success in entrepreneur achieves with combination of characteristics and roles . Few researchers identified that entrepreneurs are born and not made. The research findings may differ from one person to another but some researchers also specified that entrepreneurs are made and not born. Bolton, W.K. and Thompson, J.L. (2000), Entrepreneurs: Talent, Temperament, Technique, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. Bolton, W.K. and Thompson, J.L. (2003), The Entrepreneur in Focus: Achieve your potential, Thomson, London.

characteristics of Thailand

characteristics of Thailand Culture has long been a topic of interest in the academic world and has been written extensively on by many sociologists and ethnographers. As individuals from different countries have their own cultural norms and values, there are bound to be some cultural conflicts that occur when people with different cultural background interact with one another. Thailand has long been regarded as one of the most attractive markets in Asia for foreign direct investments (FDI) due to its many advantages such as its infrastructure, strategic location, FDI policies, government support, etc. (Thailand BOI, 2009). Although there are literatures on about the Thai culture and suggestions, particularly to Westerners, about how to adapt to this unique country, little remains said about how foreign workers as a whole can adapt to the Thai working environment. In attempt to shed some light on the matter, the author shall combine data from past researches about how Westerners should react to the Thai culture, along with more literature that explain the Thai society in more specific details. Lastly, the author shall discuss and analyze his interview data set taken from foreign workers in Company X and present a conclusion. As this paper’s focus revolves around the field of culture, a common understanding about what the word actually entails should first be established. Some examples of definitions have been made by a number of anthropologists. However, selecting from the most popular definitions, the following best describes the meaning of this important concept: Triandis (1994) views culture as interplay of sameness and differences; whereby all cultures are simultaneously very similar and very different. Furthermore, he perceives that as human beings, people share many commonalties and universals, but as groups of people or societies, we exhibit many differences Triandis (1994). However, the author feels that Ogbu (1988) best defines the concept of culture, as he explains, â€Å"[It is] a way of life shared by members of a population, and that it is the social, technoeconomic, and psychological adaptation worked out in the course of a people’s history. Culture includes customs or institutionalized public behaviors, as well as thoughts and emotions that accompany and support those public behaviors. It includes artifacts-things people make or have made that have symbolic meaning. Particularly important is that the definition of culture includes people’s economic, political, religious, and social institutions – the imperatives of culture. These imperatives form a recognizable pattern requiring competencies that guide the behaviors of members of the culture fairly predictably.† (p.11). For foreign workers to enter into Thailand, it would be inevitable that they will come across cross cultural challenges and some culture shock. Culture can have effect on what may seem to be the simplest things in life, such as meetings, greeting, perception of time; but what may seem to be normal to Thais may not be as familiar to foreign workers. This subject is indeed, and has been for a long time, difficult to identify and analyze effectively, as one can dig deeper and deeper into the academic findings and come up with such a variety of opinions and analysis that has to do with culture and its effect in the business world. In this case the author shall choose to focus on the Thai culture, and attempt to aid and produce further explanation to foreign workers wishing to come to Thailand in order for them to be able to better adapt to the Thai working environment. The term culture shock, which was first popularized by Kalvero Oberg (1960), portrays to the feeling of anxiety and disorientation that people experience when living in another country and culture. In explaining this phenomenon, Jandt (1998) shows 4 stages of culture shock: Initial Euphoria: Everything seeming new and exciting. Irritation and hostility: All the focus at this stage is on the differences between one’s own home culture and the new culture that they are experiencing. Gradual adjustment: When one becomes more accustomed and more comfortable in the new culture. In other words, things become more predictable and there are less unpleasant surprises. Adaptation: The person has fully adjusted and can function in both their own culture and the culture they are currently living in. The first and second stages of culture shock have some correlations with companies that decide to expand their operations abroad, as each company must overcome cross-cultural boundaries – named â€Å"psychic distance† according to Johanson and Vahlne (1977). However, instead of companies, this paper wishes to look at human individuals who wish to work abroad in Thailand. Psychic distance has been defined as factors preventing or disturbing the flow of information between potential and actual suppliers and customers, in which examples are differences in language, education, business practices, culture, and industrial development Johanson and Vahlne (1977) (p.24). The connection between psychic distance and knowledge within a firm is that a firm’s mangers will tend to be more comfortable towards country markets that they can get to know most easily. Thus, they will avoid countries that are more difficult to get to know – the bigger the perceived psychic distance, the less likely a company will expand into that territory (Brewer 2007). Johanson and Vahlne (1977) and Brewer’s (2007) are analysis about companies entering new markets, but their notions are still applicable in the sense of foreign workers living and working in Thailand. Much of the problem of culture shock stems from the lack of understanding within a particular country. The more difference that is perceived between the Thai culture and the foreign worker, the more psychic distance he or she would tend to feel against the Thai people. This would inevitably lead to the feeling of isolation, loneliness, or even hostility perceived in stage two of Jandt’s (1998) culture shock phases. If the foreign worker is not integrated into the Thai organizational community, then any work that must be done together with Thai workers and foreign workers will not be at its most productive stage, as the best output comes when there is group cohesion and good synergy. The aim of the research is to help foreign workers in Thailand better understand Thai culture and lessen the third stage of culture shock, along with promoting a smoother transition and adaptation to the Thai working environment and working better with Thais. By understanding more about the Thai working environment, along with the norms and unique culture, foreign workers can be better suited and prepared to adjust themselves to a new working environment, and lessen the chances of any conflicts occurring in the Thai work place. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Barriers to effectively adjust to a national culture One main problem that prohibits understanding of another culture is an ethnocentric orientation, which is using one’s culture as the standard for judging other cultures (Cavusgil et al, 2008, p.128). As most people have been brought up in a single-world culture, they cannot help but have a one-sided view of the world – which is a result of an ethnocentric view that believes that one’s own race, religion, or ethic group is somehow better or superior than other cultures (Cavusgil et al, 2008). Therefore, in order to overcome this cross cultural barrier, foreign workers are suggested to have a Polycentric orientation, which is a host-country’s mindset where one has developed a great affinity with the country in which one is in – or the best option having a Geocentric orientation, which a global mindset where a person is able to understand any culture in the world and combines an openness and awareness to other cultures (Cavusgil et al, 2008). Understanding a new culture – in this case Thailand – essentially requires effort from the foreign workers if they wish to get a better grasp and understanding of the Thai culture. However, doing so may be easier said than done. Although in this paper we shall be focusing on foreign workers, some aspects that may help expatriates adjusting to Thailand may have some relations to what other foreign workers may have to deal with. Barsoux et al. (2002) states that the â€Å"interaction adjustment† is the most difficult for expatriates because it requires them to learn the host country’s behavior patterns and their ways of communication, along with how varieties of relationships are handled – which differs depending on the country, but, nonetheless, also applies to the situation of foreign workers coming to Thailand. This task would be particularly hard to achieve if the expatriate does not speak the local language, as the only way to fully understand a particular culture is through its language (Valdes, 1987). 2.2 Hofstedes Dimensions of Culture Geert Hofstede, a Dutch cultural anthropologist, has been considered to be one of the most acclaimed academic writers who throughout the years has been cited numerously in the field of cultural studies. Through a statistical analysis of questionnaire data sets conducted with several hundred IBM employees from 53 countries, he was able to discover a pattern that indicated national cultural differences and similarities among his subjects; and how such characteristics can be generalized and grouped together to graph different human behaviors and motives – best known as Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions. In a preliminary attempt to conceptualize the Thai culture and put it in writing, the author shall initially start with the findings of Hofstede and how he has identified his initial four cultural dimensions that explain each country’s national culture – in this case, Thailand. In doing so, it should help the reader slowly build up an understanding of the overall picture of different aspects of the Thai culture, which would later be complimented with more detailed explanations. Check again if the ranking of the data is from Hofstede 2005 or earlier Although still important, it should be noted that Hofstede’s research can only be used as a general guide to the understanding of the Thai culture. His research does not provide sufficient understanding on how to manage a multicultural organization or gain a deeper comprehension of any particular culture. Therefore, extra literature relating to Thailand and its people shall be integrated into the review of Hofstede’s theory in order to fill in more gaps and further explain some of the more specific characteristics of the Thai society. In his most recent book, co-authored with his son, Hofstede and Hofstede (2005) explain the cultural dimensions (see appendix for Thailand’s cultural rankings) as follows: 2.2.1. Power Distance (PD) High PD countries tend to exhibit a tall hierarchy in their organizations with large differences in salary and status. Subordinates highly respect their bosses and do what they are told. Inequality is expected, and may even be desired in some cases. An example given by McCann and Giles (2007) shows that young workers in an organization perceive their interactions with older workers to be more problematic compared to their interaction with their peers, as the older workers were seen as more â€Å"non-accommodative† and superior – making them feel obligated to be more polite and respectfully avoidant in their communication tactics (e.g. holding back their opinions). Moreover, in such scenarios communication is almost always one way (top to bottom), and the manager is always expected to know more than his subordinates; input or feedback from subordinates is seldom practiced and may in fact be seen as somewhat impolite or disloyal (Javidan House, 2001). As Thailand is ranked as a High PD country, the status differences are often large (Sriussadaporn and Jablin, 1999) compared to Low PD countries that have a flatter hierarchy system, in which subordinates and supervisors are viewed as closer together and more interchangeable, but not identical (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005). 2.2.2. Individualism vs. Collectivism Thailand is characterized as a collectivist country in which people belong to a strong cohesive group that they believe will protect them in return for their loyalty to the group (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005). This type of patronage, or kinship, system is based on relationships between people that revolve around favors and reciprocity that give great importance to kindness and sincerity, in which personal links and family connections are valued to be of extreme importance (Holmes and Tangtongtavy, 1995). Collectivism can also be seen in the Thai people’s belief of social harmony where everyone is always consciously, or even unconsciously, making the effort to avoid any personal conflict with others (Nakata and Dhiravgin 1989; Sriussadaporn and Jablin, 1999; Knutson et al., 2003), which also fosters and supports the concept of â€Å"kreng jai† – later explained. In his research, Hall (1976) made a distinction that characterized cultures to be either â€Å"low context† or â€Å"high context†. Low-context cultures rely heavily on verbalization and emphasis on the delivery of verbal messages – expressing one’s self clearly, logically, and as convincingly as possible (Hall, 1976). In other words, Low-context cultures tend to value expertise and performance, and tend not to beat around the bush (Cavusgil et. al, 2008). High-context cultures, such as Thailand, are the opposite. They tend to focus on non-verbal messages and prefer indirect and polite face-saving style that emphasizes a mutual sense of care and respect for others (Cavusgil et. al, 2008, p.136). Interestingly Hall’s approach is very closely related to Hofstede’s individualism and collectivism cultural dimension, which has been further explained by Gudykunst and Ting-Toomey (1988) that cultures that have been labeled by Hall as â€Å"High-context† are considered to be â€Å"Collectivists† in Hofstede’s theory, and vice versa. Hence, Thailand is considered to be a High-context and a Collectivist culture. This may also help explain why it is difficult for Thai people to say â€Å"no† when one may feels disagreement or is unable to carry out an order. Moreover, as maintaining harmony is the center focus of a Collectivist culture (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005), showing bad emotions such as frustratio n, impatience, frustration, anger, or irritation is seen as disrupting the social harmony and is considered relatively rude and offensive (Sriussadaporn and Jablin, 1999; Knutson et al., 2003). Also part of the characteristics of Thailand’s high-context (Hall 1976) and collective culture (Hofstede and Hofstede 2005), it was found that young people seldom speak up – which may have stemmed from childhood as students do not express their opinions in class as much because quietness is also considered a virtue in the Thai culture (Knutson et al., 2003), which is also the case with younger people not disagreeing with older people in organizations (Boode, 2005; McCann and Giles, 2007; Javidan and Dastmalchian, 2009) – further supporting Smutkupt and Barna’s (1976) findings that any doubts or contradictive thinking in one’s mind are very rarely communicated openly in the Thai culture. 2.2.3. Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) Broadly defined, people in High UA countries tend to be more emotional than other countries, and are more motivated by their â€Å"inner nervous energy† (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005). As Thais are ranked as having high UA, one of the ways they reduce their uncertainty in everyday life communication is through their proper use of pronouns and postures to show respect, deference, politeness, and closeness towards others (Sriussadaporn and Jablin, 1999). This can also be seen through their use of silence to avoid uncertain confrontations with other people – especially with the more senior people (McCann and Giles, 2007). Moreover, as a result of this high UA ranking characteristic, Thais generally tend not to readily accept change and are relatively against taking risks (Swierczek and Ha, 2003). 2.2.4. Masculinity vs. Femininity Thailand has the lowest Masculinity ranking among the Asian countries, which indicates that they show a low level of assertiveness and competiveness compared to other countries in the region (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005). Sriussadaporn and Jablin’s (1999) research shows this with their observation that Thais do not truly express their own opinions as much as they deserve to due to their non-dominant and non-assertive characteristics. This may have derived from or have some indications to their Collectivist and confrontation avoidance nature in the findings of McCann and Giles (2007) attributed to the complex Thai hierchical system and their expected respect for the older generation. 2.3 The Thai workplace environment Words that could describe the Thai management style and its working environment, or business culture, are the following: compromise, slow, centralized, seniority-based, relationship-based, conservative, and family-based (Adams and Vernon, 2004). These terms seem very much to stress the maintenance of harmony in the company – being non confrontational and accepting the differences of inequality. As stated earlier, Thailand is traditionally a high power distance country (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005), which makes Thai society a segregated one with distinct unofficial class groupings and little chance for mobility across the class lines – also applying to the workplace environment (Komin, 1995; Lawler et al., 1995). Interestingly this type of class system in Thailand, is very much reflected in the organization and management of family-owned companies and enterprises according to Lawler et al. (1995). In other words, the need for a formal or set of rules in management may not be as high of a priority as the environment produced by the Thai social system has a great influence in defining the interaction between peer-to-peer and worker-to-worker in a company setting YES ACCORDING TO THE INTERVIEWS. In the largest firms in Thailand, family connections has served as a foundation for building international trading companies and has been a very important aspect of understanding the Thai working environment, which has been characterized by Isarangkun Na Ayuthaya and Taira (1977) as â€Å"management by entourage†. In other words, it conveys the concept of the importance of knowing the right people to get the job done and having connections in the right places. However, this concept becomes less manageable as a company grows and requires being more responsible for its accountabilities, more professional managers are needed – creating a hybrid of Westernized practices in a traditional Thai family enterprise (Lawler and Atmiyanandana, 2003). In the aspects of companies that are family enterprises, HRM practices are very much influenced by traditional Thai values and their social practices compared to the everyday management theory (Bertrand et. al., 2008). In other words, professional managers in the HRM filed are found to be very rare in family enterprises, even ad hoc, along with HR planning and the systematic analysis of employment issues are found to be virtually absent in such organizations (Lawler et al.,1989). So how are the employees controlled? The answer is through a complex hierarchical class system that has been deeply rooted within the Thai culture (Adams and Vernon, 2004). – also conveying that employees with lower positions react to people with higher managerial levels out of a sense of duty rather than according to the rules and regulations set by the company (Knutson et al., 2003). Moreover, this can be seen through the use of the complex Thai language between superiors and subordinates. EXPLAIN SOME OF THE IMPORTANT â€Å"JAI† WORDS: KRENG JAI, NAM JAI, SBAI JAI. This emphasizes on the importance of social harmony can be seen with the proper linguistic uses that must be used in everyday life when addressing people of different status (Knutson et. al., 2003). Where English has one word, â€Å"I†, as the first person pronoun, and one other, â€Å"you†, for the second person pronoun, Thai speakers must choose from up to 9 commonly used forms for the first person pronouns, 8 second person pronouns, and 5 third person pronouns (Iwasaki and Preeya, 2005). In addition to these variety of words, Cooke (1968) has listed up to 27 first-person pronouns, 22 second-person pronouns, and 8 third person pronouns, which include language used with royalties and specialized tems used by specific people (i.g. Buddhist monks have specific terms to address themselves and others). This would all depend on the politeness or closeness the speaker wishes to convey, and depending on the status of the other person who is involved in the conversation. Specific uses of language and conflict avoidance are some very specific characteristics of the Thai culture that conveys to the collectivism and high context society explained thus far. If, however, a disagreement should arise, Thais will look for indirect means for their resolution – usually through third parties or by â€Å"intense† private talks (Lasserre and Probert 1996; Lawler and Atmiyanandana, 2003). Kreng jai, is one of the most difficult concepts of the Thai cultures for foreigners to understand (especially for Westerners), which has been defined by Komin (1991) as, The concept of time in Thailand is somewhat more lenient than in other countries. Foreign workers have sometimes found this aspect of the Thai culture to be the hardest to adjust to – unless the foreign worker himself has the same attitude towards time. Mainly speaking, punctuality can at times be seen as unimportant when going out or having socials with friends. However, foreign workers have found that Thai are very punctual when it comes to meetings and appointments with their superior. 2.4 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis The notion that language and culture can be interlinked may not be obvious to us at first, as we, being native speakers, may not be conscious how we say things, and why we say it the way we do in our own languages. However, Jandt (2001) suggests that a person who has learned a second language, or has grown up speaking more than one language, may become aware of the different ways each language allows the speaker to describe and grasp the reality we live in. It is these different perceptions one has of reality that Jandt (2001) believes to be the same differences in culture – making the relationship between language and culture resembling mirrors to each other. This relates back to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis that says cultural elements can be seen in a language’s vocabulary and grammar (Whorf, 1956). Harley (2001) supports the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in that it shows how a culture’s or country’s language determines the structure of the speaker’s thought process. That is to say, language affects the way humans remember and the way people perceive the world. If a language has a rich vocabulary for certain notions and concepts, then it makes it easier to describe those ideas in that particular language (Whorf, 1956). Thus, ideas, notions, or things that are easily described in a language must be important to the culture (Jandt, 2001). The two main ideas comprising the Sapire-Whorf hypotheses starts with the first being linguistic determinism, which is the idea that the form and characteristics of our language determine the way in which we think, remember and perceive; and the second, linguistic relativism, which is t he idea that as different languages map onto the world in different ways, different languages will generate different cognitive structures (Harley, 2001, p.81). Although there are studies relating to the intricate nature of the Thai language (Komin 1991; Chantornvong, 1992; Komin, 1995; Knutson, 1994; Knutson et al., 2003), there has yet to be an establishment between the numerous words that contain â€Å"jai† (heart) and the way Thais think and perceive others. It can seem a bit daunting or even a tedious endeavor for a foreign worker to deal with such vicissitudes of the different nuances of the Thai culture. However, the most important aspect to bear in mind is the relationships that Thais hold so dear towards one another, and the mutual understanding one has towards the other person (Komin, 1995; Knutson et al., 2003). For Thais, the heart shows sincerity, and thus so many words are derived from it to express the different feelings one has. In order to test whether or not this may be true, the author has conducted and compiled data set from his interviewees. Moreover, having to express oneself in another language means learning to adopt someone else’s reference frame (Hofestede and Hofstede, 2005, p.328). In other words, by understanding and speaking the local language, one is better able to understand the national culture. With no knowledge of Thai, a foreign worker is likely to miss out on a lot of hidden nuances and subtleties of the Thai culture, and may result in being left as a relative outsider. One of the examples given by Hofestede and Hofstede (2005) is the subtleties of humor, which varies amongst different culture and is very specific sometimes to one culture.

Free YGB Essay: Historical and Biographical Impact of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Young Goodman Brown: Historical and Biographical Impact So much for textual matters, paraphrasable content, and genre. What kind of historical or biographical information do we need in order to get the full impact of this story aesthetically and intellectually? Obviously, some knowledge of Puritan New England is necessary. We can place the story in time easily, because Hawthorne mentions that it takes place in the days of King William (that is, William III, who reigned from 1688 to 1702). Other evidences of the time of the story are the references to persecution of the Quakers by Brown's grandfather (the 1660s) and King Philip's War [primarily a massacre of Indians by colonists [1675-1676]), in which Brown's father participated. Specific locales like Salem, Boston, Connecticut, and Rhode Island are mentioned, as are terms used in Puritan ecclesiasticism and government, such as ministers, elders, meetinghouses, communion tables, saints fin the Protestant sense of any Christian), selectmen, and lecture days. But it is not enough for us to visualize a sort of "First Thanksgiving" picture of Pilgrims with steeple-crowned hats, Bibles, and blunderbusses. For one thing, we need to know something of Puritan religion and theology. This means at least a slight knowledge of Calvinism, a main source of Puritan religious doctrine. A theology as extensive and complex as Calvinism and one that has been the subject of so many misconceptions cannot be described adequately in a handbook of this type. But at the risk of perpetuating some of these misconceptions, let us mention three or four tenets of Calvinism that will illuminate to some degree the story of Goodman Brown. Calvinism stresses the sovereignty of God --- in goodness, power, and knowledge. Correspondingly, it emphasizes the helplessness and sinfulness of man. Man has been, since the Fall of Adam, innately and totally depraved. His only hope is in the grace of God, for God alone is powerful enough (sovereign enough) to save him. And the most notorious, if not the chief, doctrine is predestination, which includes the belief that God has, before their creation, selected certain people for eternal salvation, others for eternal damnation. Appearances are therefore misleading; an outwardly godly man might not be one of the elect. Thus it is paradoxical that Goodman Brown is so shocked to learn that there is evil among the apparently righteous for this was one of the most strongly implied teachings of his church.

An Open Mind is a Prerequisite for Learning :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

An Open Mind is a Prerequisite for Learning The difference between comfort and open-mindedness is the difference between cowardliness and truthfulness. The mind that is open is open to the truth, whereas the close mind invents whatever truth it is comfortable with, so that it may persist in its delusions. To be truly open-minded, we must renounce the religion of our parents, and deny our cherished beliefs. Comfort is seduction. Better it is to suffer the pains of uncertainty, and the insanity of lost identity, so that we might open our minds to a firmer foundation, a deeper truth. Close-mindedness is afraid of reality. We need reality. Therefore, close-mindedness is a form of death worship. It denies our needs. Open-mindedness allows us to embrace the alien and discover what others will not discover. The distinction is between fear and love; life and death. Close mindedness is not a label for people who are not knowledgeable. That is what we call ignorance. Close-mindedness is willful ignorance, the unwillingness to see what is before them, and the unwillingness to see it for what it is. Close-mindedness is a form of dishonesty and fear. So yes, the position of the open minded is so right, for they are also open to criticism, and so they will have the greatest chance of being right. Any evidence they can get, they do get. Wisdom rejoices in rebuke. So to do the open minded consider insults, criticisms, and rejoinders very carefully. A close-minded person will consider an insult. He will not entertain the notion that he is wrong. Given that we are all wrong on some issue at all times, the close-minded man makes this chronic. He is stuck in infancy. As for your argument that close-minded people are better able to act, because they are sure, you are making the assumption that open-minded people are paralyzed by their acknowledgement of uncertainty. Far from it. Where the close-minded are comfortable with self-certainty, the open-minded are comfortable with uncertainty. They enjoy the instability of growth, which gives greater stability as they mature. You said there is no greater benefit then life then to be sure of your position. This is only true if your position is correct. If you are sure there is no hell, but there is one, your so-called benefit is your doom. Only the open minded have the right to be sure about any matter, for their knowledge is based on critical thinking, vigorous analysis, thorough questioning, and the consideration of positive and negative evidence.

Articles of Confederation Essay

During the fight for their independence, Americans were trying to create a new republican government. Their desire was to have a political system in which the majority of the power would come from the people rather than from a supreme authority. As a result, the Articles of Confederation was formed and adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777. In the years of 1781 to 1789, the Articles were put into action and gave limits powers to the national authority, Congress. However, the Articles of Confederation in its critical period, 1781 to 1789, had severe weaknesses in its legislative branch, voting powers, powers of Congress, and states’ sovereignty which led to debts, problems with expansion and unity, and lack of change, development, and representation. Unlike the fore coming Constitution, the Articles of Confederation only had a legislature branch with limited powers which brought forth problems dealing with amendments, taking important measures, and state representation. The Articles stated that each state would have one vote and have between two to seven representers. This would become a problem for many delegates taking long journeys to Congress which would lead to a lack of representation from states like Georgia and Maine. Often seasonal weathers would delay or hinder representers to arrive and cast their votes. In addition, in order for important measures to be placed into action, at least nine of the states had to approve of it. Due to states’ different interest and way of sustaining its people, agreements were hardly made by the majority. Many states had different opinions and voiced out different ideas which contradicts other. This lack of approval by at least nine of the states led to a lack of change. In addition, any amendments like increasing central power and dealing issues involving slaves and women would have to be approved by every state. Similar to approving important measures, states would often disagree on certain circumstances which results in few or none amendments made. Therefore, many aspects of the legislature branch and states’ voting power have weaknesses and led to many problems. In addition to having one branch of power, Congress’s, the only  establishment of national authority, lack of power led to heavy debts, depression, and Shay’s Rebellion. Congress’s power included waging wars, managing foreign relations, and borrowing and issuing money. However it was not allowed to regulate commerce, raise and maintain an army, and levy taxes on the people directly. Although Congress made formal requests, involving troops and taxes to the state, it was frequently refused. This lack to power caused America to go into a postwar depression, inadequate money supply, and inability to pay back debts it owed to foreign nations. In addition, Congress owed money to its soldier from selling war bonds. Depressed and frustrated veterans joined forces under Daniels Shays in Massachusetts and set of demands that consisted of paper money, tax relief particularly from state, relocation of state capital, and ending of imprisonment for debt. As a result of these problems, many Americans started to notice the flaws and imperfections of the Articles of Confederation. In addition, each state of America had almost all of its sovereignty and decision making which increased a lack of national unity and problems with expansion, the West, and foreign relations.

Internet and Books Essay

In todays new(a) universely concern, engineering has a bully solve on our life and fourth dimension. Back in the early 19th century, when electronic devices had non been invented, the population could plainly work printed password program such as books, ring armourers, newspapers or magazines, to gathering nurture. Later, in the mid 20th century, the use of computers, televisions and radios facilitateed people to know approximately the incidents infixed take downt e real around the world, more easily. Now, in the 21st century, the founding of profit and former(a) devices to access it has helped us to attain gigabytes of pick placeing, fairish with the jailhouse of our mouse.The net has do it come-at-able for us to acquire answers for roughly solely of the questions that we ask, and has altogethereviated the access to randomness to closely every topic imaginable. Firstly, network helps to carry through time and effort. All you need to do is type in your question and click SEARCH. It arsehole give an answer to almost every question type in, and it is normally very quick, speedy and fast. On the opposite hand, using books or other printed texts give the sack bungle time, as you need to break the appropriate book and then appear for the information you need from it.For example, while meddle slightly for a book in the library, you waste time trying to reach at that place, and even more time trying to materialize the book you need. Despite this, time is in every case lost when you try to find the information that is useful to you from the book. Whereas the meshwork acts as a filter that sieves out all the data you need, in a span of seconds. provided it muckle be argued that using electronic devices mountain casing distractions and disturbances. Using the internet stinkpot divert your attention to some other unrelated site and result cause you to waste time.For instance, you may login to facebook or twitter, or c heck your mail kinda of researching and using the time vigorous. On the contrary, you cannot be easily distracted in a library where silence is preferred, and is filled with people who want to work. But if the internet is utilize properly, and if the person has a self sustain over himself the internet has more advantages analyse to printed texts. So in short internet can be a time-saver only if utilize wisely. Alternatively, the internet can sometimes provide us with punic information.It is desire a blank page in which people argon allowed to post any(prenominal) they want, and sometimes even the wrong information. As exemplified by blogs, in which anyone can post their opinions and views on a topic, the internet can be a source of unreliable and inaccurate information as it contains the feeling of different individuals and not the actual facts. On the contrary, printed texts can be a great source of reliable information. Books atomic number 18 write by experienced author s who have researched well about the topic themselves before publish it.A library can go steady you that the book in your hand is well(p) and trust expensey. In spite of being unreliable, internet can provide us with street smart data. It offers information on the most new-fashioned discoveries and inventions, the latest cars or other products and about the contemporary incidents and happenings all around the world. until now once a book is published, any recent findings cannot be added to it. There are always new developments in the sports stadium of health, science, engine room and politics that the library scarce cannot keep up with.Therefore, the internet can provide us with the latest news about our innovative day developments and can be dependable only if used properly by checking the sources of a feature website. Thirdly, glaring at a blind for a long period of time can cause various mettle and back problems. Computer vision syndromes manage eye strain and cata racts are caused by glaring at the computer penetrate for prolonged periods. Millions develop a antecedent called dry eye, resulting in gritty, itchy, reddened eyes, due to staring at the privateness for hours.The light from computer subterfuges can cause drastic problems to your eyes, and sometimes even incomplete blindness. Unlike computer screens, books can be very easy to read as they are just words printed on paper. tho there are numerous solutions to prevent the damage caused to eyes by computer screens. Screen filters can be bought to clip the amount of light irradiation hitting our eyes. There are as well many softwares that can transfer the information audibly or with the help of videos, and do not require data to be read. Regular breaks, and turning away from the screen constantly can in like manner help in avoiding eye and back problems.Usually, there is an option to zoom in, which enables people to read easily. Unlike computers, books cannot be zoomed in, when the letters are too small to be visible, do eye problems as well. So the problems caused by glaring at computer screens or reading the small printed texts in books, can be reduced by pickings regular breaks and exercises, as anything in overmuch is not true(p) for our health. Moreover, a bus of paper is wasted in the creation of books and magazines. Deforestation, being one of the greatest threats that earthly concern are facing today, is increased by the production of paper in books.A few sheets of paper could be worth one tree. Hence the number of trees is step-down day by day. Obviously, trees are indispensable for our living as they are the natural producers of food. Deforestation not only causes scarcity of food and other resources, but also results in the rise of the earths temperature, causing global warming. In business line to books, modern technology like winding phones, computers or tablets does not harm the environment to a very great extent. In the case of com puters the energy used is electricity, which is renewable and can be created again and again.The internet is a bulky database, and more information can be adjoined into it, very easily. However books are created from sheets of paper, and if the number of books increase, then the take of deforestation can increase correspondingly. To reduce the destruction of the earths forests by deforestation, paper should be recycled and not wasted. alternatively it is much easier to use the help of modern technology that functions with the help of renewable energy, which does not have a great squeeze on nature. Therefore modern electronics has made it possible to overcome a huge problem to the environment.In conclusion, modern technology has many positive uses it has made the world a smaller place by allowing us to contact individuals all around the world, many electronic devices are very cheap making it affordable to all and has also allowed people to find out about the news and incidents hap pening all around the world. But every good has some bad, and the extensive use of technology can be harmful to our health. I strongly believe that modern technology has been very helpful and useful to the clement population. It has eased our access to information in very sustainable manner, and has connected the world together.